An exploratory factor analysis process determined a six-factor model. A 7-factor model emerging from the South African Stress and Health survey, as judged by confirmatory factor analyses of three models, displayed the most appropriate fit, marked by a standardized root mean square residual of .0024, a root mean square error of approximation of .0029, and a comparative fit index of .910. For capturing trauma exposure in South Africa, the LEC-5 possesses noteworthy psychometric characteristics and is adequate.
The International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ) has been instrumental in several investigations focusing on the ICD-11 criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD. The cross-cultural validity of the ITQ, specifically its applicability across diverse language groups, has not been previously evaluated using item response theory methodologies that examine equal item functioning and consequently, score comparability. The application of Rasch and graphical log-linear Rasch models revealed substantial local dependence between items within the same symptom clusters for both PTSD and disorders of self-organization (DSO) scales, save for items relating to affective dysregulation. Analysis revealed a weak local interdependence between an item categorized under affective dysregulation and one from the disturbed relationship cluster. There was no proof of DIF associated with either language or interpreter aid. The differential item functioning (DIF) for two PTSD items was apparent, dependent on both gender and the timeframe following the traumatic event. The study population was not optimally targeted with regard to the scales. The reliability of subgroups exhibited a range between 0.55 and 0.78. Across the Danish, Arabic, and Bosnian language versions, the PTSD and DSO scales demonstrate consistent psychometric properties, even with varying degrees of assisted administration. The scores are uniform in their comparability across these distinct groups. Despite that, differential item functioning, relative to both gender and the time elapsed since trauma, leads to a considerable measurement bias. To prevent measurement bias, one should utilize DIF-adjusted summed scale scores or estimated person parameters. Future research ought to investigate whether enhanced targeting and improved measurement precision for refugee populations can be achieved through the incorporation of scales comprising more and/or alternative items that necessitate higher levels of PTSD and DSO symptom endorsement.
Painter and Dutton's exploration of emotional bonding patterns, particularly in cases of battered women, illuminates the phenomenon of traumatic bonding, often recognized as Stockholm syndrome. The International Journal of Women's Studies (1985; 8(4), 363-375) proposed a hypothetical phenomenon: trauma survivors developing powerful emotional attachments to their abusers. This idea found application in mainstream culture, legal arenas, and some therapeutic contexts. This concept, often used to explain the reported 'positive bond' between certain kidnap victims and their captors, does not have a strong foundation in empirical research. The use of this method is evident in scenarios where interpersonal violence and mind control are observed, often with clear power imbalances, including child sexual abuse, intimate partner violence, human trafficking, and hostage situations. Survivors' seemingly paradoxical emotional bonds with perpetrators can be understood through the framework of Polyvagal Theory as a survival tactic to effectively de-escalate life-threatening situations by calming the perpetrator. Appeasement's potent reflexive neurobiological survival mechanisms, when understood, allow individuals and families to operationalize their survival strategies in a way that promotes resilience, facilitates a healthy long-term recovery, and recognizes their coping responses as fundamental survival tactics.
The global public health concern of adolescent suicide demands urgent attention and intervention. Despite the established link between childhood abuse and suicidal behavior, the specific mediating factors in this association are not presently clear. In the sample, there were 1607 adolescents, recruited from four high schools in Central China. The influence of school connectedness and psychological resilience as mediators on the connection between childhood abuse and suicidal ideation was explored via structural equation modeling (SEM). Results During the past week, suicidal ideation affected 219% of the sample. Childhood abuse displayed a positive correlation with suicidal ideation, influenced by both a direct effect and an indirect one mediated by school connectedness and psychological resilience. ARS-1323 solubility dmso The impact of emotional, physical, and sexual abuse was partially mediated by school connectedness and psychological resilience, each form of abuse examined independently. Childhood abuse's adverse impact on suicidal ideation could be diminished by the presence of psychological resilience and school connectedness. Enhanced psychological resilience among Chinese adolescents with childhood abuse histories, along with a robust school connection, are identified by the findings as important elements in preventing suicide.
The International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ), for the assessment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD), mirrors the 11th edition diagnostic criteria within the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11), providing a standardized and validated measure. While this instrument's reach extends to 25 languages, its utility within the Afghan community, remains undetermined, requiring Dari translation and validation. The Dari ITQ's factorial structure and psychometric characteristics were assessed through the application of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), multivariate regression models, and bivariate correlations. CFA outcomes supported a two-factor second-order model, wherein PTSD and disturbances in self-organization (DSO) yielded the best fit to the data characteristics. Evidence of the model's psychometric robustness in the Dari ITQ was provided by high factor loadings and exceptional internal reliability. Regarding the Dari ITQ, its concurrent, convergent, and discriminant validity demonstrated a satisfactory outcome. In this research, the Dari ITQ's ability to identify ICD-11 PTSD and CPTSD symptoms is confirmed as statistically valid and culturally sensitive, especially among Afghan asylum seekers and refugees.
Despite the heightened risk of substance use, sexual assault, and sexually risky behaviors for adolescents, there are no currently available integrated prevention programs that address these interlinked problems. ARS-1323 solubility dmso This study aimed to assess the practicality and receptiveness of Teen Well Check, an e-health prevention program designed for adolescents in primary care, focusing on substance use, sexual assault, and sexual risk. During the intervention development process, content analysis of interviews with adolescents (aged 14-18; n=25) in primary care was carried out. Subsequently, usability and acceptability testing with qualitative interviews were conducted among adolescents (aged 14-18; n=10) in primary care and pediatric primary care providers (n=11) to refine the intervention. ARS-1323 solubility dmso Data acquisition spanned the Southeastern United States. Feedback on the Teen Well Check examined various elements, encompassing content, engagement/interaction, language/tone, aesthetics, logistical practicality, inclusivity, parent/guardian-related material, and the application of personal stories. Providers' general observations showcase their likely integration of this intervention (51 out of 70 respondents), and their high level of recommendation to adolescents (54 out of 70). This suggests promising preliminary data regarding the usability and acceptability of Teen Well Check. Establishing efficacy warrants the implementation of a randomized clinical trial.
The stressors of a pandemic are a primary driver for burnout, depression, and PTSD, leading to considerable health problems among healthcare workers (HCWs). During the three years of the COVID-19 pandemic, healthcare workers, who were on the frontline, faced a higher likelihood of experiencing intense levels of stress, anxiety, depression, burnout, and post-traumatic stress disorder. As a potential psychological intervention, structured EMDR (Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing) therapy is strongly recommended, based on its proven efficacy in alleviating PTSD symptoms and anxieties. The trial participants, healthcare workers (HCWs), were recruited for a cohort study. These HCWs exhibited significant symptoms across at least one psychological dimension (depression, burnout, or PTSD) at baseline, three months, or six months, as determined by the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Professional Quality of Life (ProQOL) scale, and the PTSD Checklist for the DSM-5 (PCL-5). A certified therapist delivers 12 distinct EMDR sessions as part of the intervention. The control group is maintained under the usual care regime. From randomization to six months, the trial's three primary endpoints are observed changes in depression, burnout, and PTSD scores. All participants are observed and followed up on for a period of twelve months. Conclusions. The COVID-19 pandemic's effect on healthcare workers' mental health is investigated empirically in this study, alongside an assessment of EMDR's effectiveness as a psychological intervention. Trial registration: NCT04570202.
Childhood maltreatment (CM) disrupts developmental pathways for behavioral and physiological systems, thus increasing the chances of experiencing negative physical and psychological effects lasting throughout one's life. Interpersonal dysfunctions, stemming from CM, can hinder social communication and disrupt autonomic nervous system activation. This study, utilizing a multidimensional approach, investigated the sustained effect of CM, assessing psychological distress, social behavior and communication, and physiological regulation concomitantly. Using videotaped interviews, the Ethological Coding System for Interviews was used to evaluate non-verbal behavior, while tonic heart rate variability (HRV) was used to measure physiological adaptability in participants.